曲面积分计算

(2012年中科院考研题)设$\rho (x,y,z)$是原点$O$到椭球面$\frac{x^2}2+\frac{y^2}2+z^2=1$的上半部分(即满足$z\geq 0$的部分) $\Sigma$的任一点$(x,y,z)$处的切面的距离,求积分\[\iint_\Sigma \frac z{\rho (x,y,z)}dS.\]

 

所求积分为

 

\[I=\iint_{\Sigma}{\frac{z}{\rho \left( x,y,z \right)}dS}=\frac{1}{2}\iint_{\Sigma}{z\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dS}.\]

 

记$z=\varphi (x,y), (x,y)\in D$,其中$D$为$x^2+y^2=2$.首先有

 

\begin{align*}dS&=\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{\partial \varphi}{\partial x}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\partial \varphi}{\partial x}\right)^2}dxdy=\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{-x}{2z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{-y}{2z}\right)^2}dxdy\\&=\frac1{2z}\sqrt{x^2+y^2+4z^2}dxdy.\end{align*}

 

因此

 

\begin{align*}I&=\iint_{\Sigma}{\frac{z}{\rho \left( x,y,z \right)}dS}=\frac{1}{2}\iint_{\Sigma}{z\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dS}\\&=\frac{1}{4}\iint_D\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\sqrt{x^2+y^2+4z^2}dxdy=\frac{1}{4}\iint_D\sqrt{1+\frac{x^2}2+\frac{y^2}2}\sqrt{4-x^2-y^2}dxdy\\&=\frac14\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{\sqrt{2}}r\sqrt{1+\frac{r^2}2}\sqrt{4-r^2}dr=\frac\pi4\int_0^{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{1+\frac{u}2}\sqrt{4-u}du\\&=\frac\pi{4\sqrt{2}}\int_0^{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{8+2u-u^2}du=\frac{\sqrt{2}\pi}{16}\left(\sqrt{10-6\sqrt{2}}+9\arcsin \frac{\sqrt 2-1}3+2\sqrt{2}+9\arcsin \frac13\right).\end{align*}